{"id":10942,"date":"2023-05-09T10:25:26","date_gmt":"2023-05-09T10:25:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/assistinghands.com\/texas\/?p=10942"},"modified":"2023-04-25T12:36:29","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T12:36:29","slug":"alzheimers-effects-to-brain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/assistinghands.com\/texas\/alzheimers-effects-to-brain\/","title":{"rendered":"How Does Alzheimer&#8217;s Disease Affect the Brain?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Main Characteristics Of The Brain With Alzheimer\u2019s<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The brain of a person with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.assistinghands.com\/texas\/alzheimers-care-pt1\">Alzheimer\u2019s disease<\/a> is characterized by many molecular and cellular changes. These changes can be seen under the microscope after death and are thought to be a part of the disease process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The main characteristic of the brain with Alzheimer\u2019s is a protein called beta-amyloid, which shows up in irregular clusters or plaques. The clumps of this protein interrupt signals between nerve cells.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These plaques and tangles spread throughout the brain, killing nerve cells. This eventually results in a decline in memory and thinking skills.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scientists believe that this damage to the brain begins several years before a person begins to have problems with memory and thinking. This preclinical stage of the disease is characterized by abnormal deposits of proteins, which form amyloid plaques and tau tangles in the brain.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is not only harmful to the brain, but it can also lead to a range of physical health problems for patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Some of these include impaired movement, body coordination, shaking or heaviness, weight loss, coughing, and choking.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Along with this, patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease often suffer from vascular issues such as problems with blood vessels, including atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries) and mini-strokes. These vascular problems can contribute to the onset and progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Amyloid Plaques<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amyloid plaques are a major neuropathological feature of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, but researchers are still not sure exactly how they contribute to brain damage and the progression of the disease. The clumps of misfolded proteins in amyloid plaques are believed to cause the loss of brain neurons and other functions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These plaques are formed when a protein called the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved by b- and U-secretases, which generate Ab monomers that aggregate to form fibrils and oligomers, which are toxic to the brain. These fibrils are thought to act like toxins, as they break up neurotransmitters and disrupt normal brain function.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">As mentioned earlier, a protein referred to as the amyloid precursor protein (APP) accumulates in the brains of people who are at risk for developing Alzheimer\u2019s disease. These APP proteins clump together and form plaques, which are a common feature of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Interestingly, the plaques are associated with the presence of microglia, which are normally meant to engulf and destroy waste and debris in the brain. However, in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, microglia fail to perform this vital task, leading to the buildup of abnormally large amounts of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Neurofibrillary Tangles<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Neurofibrillary tangles are formed when tau proteins bind together. These <a href=\"https:\/\/www.assistinghands.com\/texas\/super-foods-for-the-elderly\/\">proteins are important in the brain<\/a> as they help neurons move around and transport nutrients, chemicals and information. When these proteins become tangled and twisted, they can no longer function properly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These tangles are found in many different areas of the brain and vary in severity. However, they are typically most common in the hippocampus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Alzheimer\u2019s disease, these tangles are usually formed in a three-stage process. The first stage is called Stage I and includes tangles in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. It also includes tangles in the entorhinal cortex and anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A second stage is called Stage II and includes tangles in the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, as well as the pre-a layer of the entorhinal cortex and anterodorsal thalamus. It also includes tangles in other areas of the brain, including the substantia nigra and striatum.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The third stage is called Stage III and is characterized by tangles in most of the association cortices. These tangles include both NPs and NFTs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The fourth stage is called Stage IV and consists of tangles in both the association cortices as well as the primary motor and sensory cortices. In addition, the anteroventral and reticular nuclei of the thalamus are affected more in this stage. This stage represents the so-called \u201cisocortical stages\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Chronic Inflammation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Chronic inflammation is a serious health condition that damages healthy tissues and organs. It may lead to cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other potentially life-threatening illnesses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Inflammation is a part of the body\u2019s normal response to injury and infection, but it can also happen without a cause. That\u2019s called chronic inflammation, and it can slowly destroy the immune system cells that normally protect us.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The brain is a complex structure composed of millions of nerve cells (called neurons). These cells communicate with each other via chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters. These messages are vital to memory, language, judgment, and personality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When a cell is damaged or infected, the immune cells known as microglia come to the aid of the injured area. These cells outnumber the neurons by a ten-to-one ratio, and they\u2019re essential to proper brain function.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">But microglia can also turn into inflammatory cells, in response to certain triggers. That\u2019s what\u2019s happening in the brains of people with Alzheimer\u2019s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Microglial inflammatory cascades can be initiated in many different ways. These include the presence of certain types of viruses and bacterial proteins.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another trigger is a mutation in a gene called CD33 on the surface of microglial cells. This gene has been linked to neuroinflammatory disorders such as Parkinson\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Researchers have also found that inflammation in the brain can contribute to depression and mood disorders. They are currently exploring the idea that inflammation sets the brain on course for mental illness so long before symptoms appear that antidepressants are unlikely to be effective.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Vascular Contributions to Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vascular dementia is another form of dementia that can cause problems with memory, thinking and other cognitive skills. It occurs in about 5% to 10% of people with dementia, and it often develops as a part of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.assistinghands.com\/texas\/helping-seniors-with-dementia-in-houston-tx-1\/\">larger condition called mixed dementia<\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It is caused by vascular damage to the brain. This damage can happen when blood vessels are damaged or blocked in areas of the brain that play a key role in memory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The symptoms of vascular dementia vary, depending on the severity of the blood vessel damage and the specific area of the brain that is affected. For example, if blood vessels are blocked in the front of the brain, memory loss may be a significant symptom of vascular dementia. However, if the damage occurs in an area that does not play a role in memory, it may not affect memory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of the risk factors for vascular dementia overlap with those that increase the risk for heart disease, stroke, and other conditions affecting blood vessels. For example, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes mellitus can all contribute to the development of vascular dementia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Vascular changes that cause cognitive impairment are usually accompanied by other signs of Alzheimer\u2019s disease, such as the formation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. They can also be detected by neurocognitive testing, which involves several hours of written and computerized tests that assess thinking skills such as judgment, planning, problem-solving, and reasoning.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Loss of Neuronal Connections &amp; Cell Death<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The human brain contains tens of billions of neurons, specialized cells that process and transmit information between different parts of the brain, as well as other parts of the body. Alzheimer\u2019s disrupts the communication between neurons, leading to cell death and loss of function.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Your neurons make a variety of electrical and chemical signals that carry information from one place to another. They send those messages to each other through axons, which are long branches that extend from the neuron\u2019s cell body.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most of the time, these axons connect to other neurons at nearby synapses. When neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer\u2019s occur, the axons become more brittle and the synapses break down.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">These breakdowns in the axons and synapses lead to cognitive decline, decreases in verbal fluency, and other symptoms that are associated with dementia. This decline is thought to be caused by neuronal loss, axonal dysfunction, and disruption of the chemistry of synaptic junctions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In a healthy brain, neuronal connections are preserved through the process of regulated cell death. This is a tightly orchestrated set of changes in gene expression and protein activity that is responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of your cells.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In Alzheimer\u2019s disease, these tightly controlled cell death signaling pathways get unregulated and result in the cellular death of neurons in the areas that are earliest affected by this disease. This cellular death is actually quite remarkable since it represents a massive percentage of your neurons that are missing from the parts of your brain that are crucial to memory formation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"tel:866-924-2442\">Call us<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/assistinghands.com\/contact-us\/\">contact us<\/a> today if you need a caregiving assistance for your senior parents suffering from Alzheimer&#8217;s disease! <a href=\"https:\/\/assistinghands.com\/blog\/\">Visit our blog<\/a>\u00a0for more exciting articles about senior care.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Main Characteristics Of The Brain With Alzheimer\u2019s The brain of a person with Alzheimer\u2019s disease is characterized by many molecular and cellular changes. These changes can be seen under the microscope after death and are thought to be a part of the disease process. The main characteristic of the brain with Alzheimer\u2019s is a protein called beta-amyloid, which shows up&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":80,"featured_media":685,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83,105,9],"tags":[136,137,14,25,19,140,15,135,26,131,130,21,138,139,132,133,134,16,24,20],"class_list":["post-10942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-alzheimers","category-caregiving","category-senior-care","tag-best-home-care-in-houston","tag-best-home-health-care-in-houston","tag-elder-care","tag-elder-care-company","tag-elder-care-services","tag-home-health-care-agencies-in-houston","tag-in-home-care","tag-in-home-care-agencies-houston-tx","tag-in-home-care-company","tag-in-home-care-houston","tag-in-home-care-houston-tx","tag-in-home-care-services","tag-in-home-care-services-houston-tx","tag-in-home-elderly-care-houston","tag-in-home-health-care-houston","tag-in-home-senior-care-houston","tag-in-home-senior-care-houston-tx","tag-senior-care","tag-senior-care-company","tag-senior-care-services"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Brain With Alzheimer\u2019s - Assisting Hands Houston<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/assistinghands.com\/texas\/alzheimers-effects-to-brain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Brain With Alzheimer\u2019s - Assisting Hands Houston\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Main Characteristics Of The Brain With Alzheimer\u2019s The brain of a person with Alzheimer\u2019s disease is characterized by many molecular and cellular changes. 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The main characteristic of the brain with Alzheimer\u2019s is a protein called beta-amyloid, which shows up...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/assistinghands.com\/texas\/alzheimers-effects-to-brain\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Assisting Hands - In Home Health Care Services, Respite, Elder, and Senior Care In Houston, Texas\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/assisting.hands.houston\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-09T10:25:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/assistinghands.com\/texas\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/85\/2016\/10\/shutterstock_156225143.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"996\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"617\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Assisting Hands Houston\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@inhomecaretexas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@inhomecaretexas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Assisting Hands Houston\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assistinghands.com\\\/texas\\\/alzheimers-effects-to-brain\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assistinghands.com\\\/texas\\\/alzheimers-effects-to-brain\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Assisting Hands Houston\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assistinghands.com\\\/texas\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cec4fa451f6c75f9b0c2f85f79e60dc8\"},\"headline\":\"How Does Alzheimer&#8217;s Disease Affect the Brain?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-05-09T10:25:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assistinghands.com\\\/texas\\\/alzheimers-effects-to-brain\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1478,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assistinghands.com\\\/texas\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assistinghands.com\\\/texas\\\/alzheimers-effects-to-brain\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assistinghands.com\\\/texas\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/85\\\/2016\\\/10\\\/shutterstock_156225143.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Best Home Care In Houston\",\"Best Home Health Care In Houston\",\"elder care\",\"elder care company\",\"elder care services\",\"Home Health Care Agencies In Houston\",\"in home care\",\"In Home Care Agencies Houston Tx\",\"in home care company\",\"In Home Care Houston\",\"In Home Care Houston Tx\",\"in home care services\",\"In Home Care Services Houston Tx\",\"In Home Elderly Care Houston\",\"In Home Health Care Houston\",\"In Home Senior Care Houston\",\"In Home Senior Care Houston Tx\",\"senior care\",\"senior care company\",\"senior care services\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Alzheimer's\",\"Caregiving\",\"Senior Care\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assistinghands.com\\\/texas\\\/alzheimers-effects-to-brain\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/assistinghands.com\\\/texas\\\/alzheimers-effects-to-brain\\\/\",\"name\":\"The Brain With Alzheimer\u2019s - 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