Dementia is a debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It is a general term for a decline in cognitive ability severe enough to interfere with daily life. One of the significant challenges faced by individuals with dementia is the increased risk of falls. There are many factors that contribute to this heightened risk, but there are also preventive measures to ensure the safety and well-being of those living with dementia.  Some of the causes include the following:

Cognitive Impairment

People with dementia experience cognitive decline, including problems with memory, attention, and judgment. These deficits can affect their ability to perceive environmental hazards and assess risky situations. As a result, they may not recognize or respond appropriately to potential fall risks, leading to accidents.

Physical Impairments

Dementia can cause motor skill impairments, such as difficulties with balance, coordination, and gait. These

physical limitations increase the likelihood of stumbling or losing balance, making falls more probable.

Spatial Disorientation

Individuals with dementia often suffer from spatial disorientation, which can lead to confusion about their surroundings. This confusion can contribute to falls as they might not recognize barriers, steps, or changes in floor surfaces.

Medication Side Effects

Many dementia patients take medications to manage their condition or other health issues. Some medications may induce dizziness, drowsiness, or a drop in blood pressure, all of which can increase fall risk.

Sensory Decline

As dementia progresses, sensory functions like vision and hearing may decline. Impaired vision can make it challenging to detect obstacles or uneven surfaces, while hearing loss might result in missed warnings of potential dangers.

Wandering Behavior

Wandering is a common behavioral symptom of dementia. People with dementia may wander aimlessly, especially during the later stages of the disease. This wandering puts them at greater risk of falling, particularly if they wander in unfamiliar or hazardous environments.

Incontinence Issues

Dementia can sometimes lead to incontinence problems, necessitating frequent trips to the bathroom. These frequent visits increase the opportunities for falls, especially during the night or in poorly lit areas.

Preventing Falls in People With Dementia

Although there are many factors causing an increased likelihood of falling when someone has dementia, there are some safety measures that can be put into place.

Environmental Modifications

Creating a safe living environment is crucial in preventing falls. Remove tripping hazards such as rugs, install handrails in hallways and staircases, improve lighting, and use contrasting colors on stairs and edges to help individuals with dementia better perceive their surroundings.  Companies such as Forever Home Modifications can help complete modifications to help keep your loved one safe.

Assistive Devices

Using mobility aids like canes or walkers can enhance stability and reduce the risk of falls. These devices provide support when walking and can significantly improve balance.  It is also important that the person using the assistive device knows how to safely utilize that device.

Regular Exercise

Encouraging light physical activities or supervised exercises can help improve muscle strength and balance, reducing the likelihood of falls.  If a fall occurs, being in better physical health typically results in a better outcome.

Medication Management

Regular medication reviews with healthcare professionals can help identify and adjust drugs that might contribute to falls. Properly managing medications, and proper medication adherence can mitigate side effects and improve overall well-being.

Wander Management

For those prone to wandering, implementing safety measures like alarms on doors, GPS tracking devices, or specialized bracelets can help caregivers monitor their movements and prevent accidents.  In some cases, it is beneficial to hire an agency to monitor the individual living with dementia, even if it is to provide respite.

 

People living with dementia are at a higher risk of falls due to a combination of cognitive, physical, and environmental factors. By understanding the unique challenges they face, we can take proactive measures to create a safer living environment and provide appropriate care to minimize fall risks. Through a combination of environmental modifications, regular exercise, and close monitoring, we can ensure that individuals with dementia live with greater independence and reduced risk of falling, promoting their overall quality of life.  If you think your loved one could benefit from a service such as Assisting Hands, give us a call at 239-337-4263 or email us at [email protected]